Which structure in the ovary is responsible for the production of oestrogen?

The follicle in the ovary is responsible for the production of oestrogen. In human reproduction, the follicle is a structure that contains an immature egg, or oocyte, surrounded by supportive cells. As the follicle matures during the menstrual cycle, it produces increasing amounts of oestrogen, which is crucial for regulating the menstrual cycle and preparing the uterine lining for possible pregnancy.

Oestrogen plays a key role in various biological functions, including the development of secondary sexual characteristics, the regulation of the menstrual cycle, and the promotion of ovulation. The surge in oestrogen levels from the growing follicles triggers the release of luteinizing hormone (LH), which leads to ovulation.

Other structures mentioned do have roles in the reproductive system; for instance, the corpus luteum, which forms from the remnants of the follicle after ovulation, primarily produces progesterone rather than oestrogen. The ovary wall does not directly contribute to the production of oestrogen. The uterine lining, while affected by oestrogen, does not synthesize this hormone itself. Thus, the correct answer reflects the specific structure that is actively involved in the production of oestrogen during the menstrual cycle.