What term is used for cells that contain two copies of every chromosome?

The term for cells that contain two copies of every chromosome is "diploid." In human beings and many other organisms, diploid cells have a complete set of chromosomes, with one copy inherited from each parent. For humans, this means having 46 chromosomes, organized into 23 pairs. This diploid state is typical for somatic cells, which make up most tissues of the body and are involved in growth, repair, and overall function.

In contrast, haploid cells, which are not the correct choice, contain only a single set of chromosomes. Human gametes (sperm and egg cells) are haploid, having 23 unpaired chromosomes. Monoploid is another term associated with a single set of chromosomes, and while it can refer to gametes in certain contexts, it is not the standard term used in human biology. Gametes specifically refer to the reproductive cells and thus do not signify diploid cells. Understanding the distinction between these terms is crucial in biology since it forms the foundation for comprehending processes like fertilization and development in multicellular organisms.