What role does estrogen play in females?

Estrogen plays a critical role in regulating the menstrual cycle, which is a key aspect of female reproductive health. It orchestrates the growth and shedding of the uterine lining in preparation for a potential pregnancy. In addition to its role in the menstrual cycle, estrogen is essential for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics, such as breast development, wider hips, and a higher percentage of body fat compared to males. These characteristics play a significant role in sexual maturity and reproductive capabilities.

Other options do not capture the primary functions of estrogen accurately. Muscle development is more closely associated with testosterone. While estrogen does influence certain aspects of hair growth, it is not its primary role and does not specifically promote hair growth in the way that the function of regulating the menstrual cycle and supporting secondary sexual characteristics does. Moreover, estrogen does not prevent ovulation; rather, it is involved in the processes that lead up to ovulation, signaling the body to prepare for the release of an egg. Thus, the comprehensive role of estrogen encompasses both the regulation of the menstrual cycle and the development of female secondary sexual traits.