What is the function of the umbilical vein?

The umbilical vein's primary function is to transport oxygenated blood from the placenta to the developing fetus. This is crucial because the fetus relies on the oxygen and nutrients from the mother's blood to support its growth and development. The placenta serves as an interface between maternal and fetal circulation, and the umbilical vein carries the vital nutrients and oxygen-rich blood, enabling the fetus to thrive while it is in utero.

Additionally, this function highlights the importance of the placenta and the unique nature of fetal circulation, where oxygen is sourced from maternal blood rather than the fetus's lungs, which are non-functional before birth. This distinctive system ensures that the developing fetus receives everything it needs to grow prior to delivery.