How do hormonal contraceptives work?

Hormonal contraceptives primarily function by preventing ovulation and altering the uterine lining. They release hormones such as estrogen and progestin that inhibit the body's natural hormonal signals. This suppression prevents the ovaries from releasing eggs during the menstrual cycle, which means there is no egg available for fertilization.

Additionally, hormonal contraceptives alter the uterine lining to make it less suitable for implantation. If fertilization were to occur, a receptive uterine environment is crucial for the embryo to implant and grow. By making the lining thinner and less favorable, hormonal contraceptives significantly reduce the likelihood of pregnancy.

This dual action—preventing ovulation and modifying the uterine lining—is what makes hormonal contraceptives effective in preventing unintended pregnancies.