During fertilization, which cell components are combined to form a zygote?

The formation of a zygote occurs when the genetic material from a sperm cell and an egg cell combine during fertilization. The sperm cell, which contributes half of the genetic material, penetrates the egg cell, which contains the other half. This fusion of the two gametes results in a single-cell zygote, marking the beginning of a new organism's development.

The other options do not accurately describe the process of fertilization. Two sperm cells cannot create a zygote, as fertilization specifically involves one sperm fertilizing one egg. The placenta and umbilical cord are structures that develop after fertilization, playing roles in nourishing the developing embryo but are not involved in the formation of the zygote itself. Similarly, testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone are hormones involved in regulating reproductive functions but do not directly participate in the fertilization process. Thus, the only correct combination of cell components that leads to the formation of a zygote is from the sperm and egg cells.